1. Practice recognizing the gerund function full circle with this worksheet printable! Gerunds, Infinitives and Participles A gerund is a verbal that ends in -ing and functions as a noun. Learn how to apply subject-verb agreement rules in tricky situations. Further Discussion on Subject-Verb Agreement. It looks like a verb but acts like a noun. In Portuguese, verb phrases are known as locuções verbais. The length of the phrase may differ from two words to many more words. compound subject – n. a type of subject where two or more individual noun phrases are coordinated to form a single, larger noun phrase. My new favorite pastime is watching Netflix after dinner on weekends. The Gerund Can be Used as Direct Object of a Sentence. This rule is broken frequently, with many writers using the objective case rather than the possessive case. Do not confuse a present participle phrase with a gerund phrase. Gerunds comes from verbs but they are not functioning as verbs, they have now belonged in one family known as “Verbals” whose functions are nouns, adjectives, and Adverbs. Subject Complement: Predicate Pronoun. (infinitive phrase) a) Complete Subject. A gerund is a noun made from a verb root plus ing (a present participle). Pronoun-dropping languages such as Spanish, Portuguese, Chinese, and … Gerund phrase, functioning as direct object The teacher simply cannot excuse sleeping during class. The gerund, 'swimming,' is the direct object in the sentence and is the thing that I love. Sentences must always include both a subject and a predicate. The subject is the thing or person that carries out the action of the verb. (noun phrase) - What they said upset Francine. 2. -Gerund phrases always include modifiers and often include other objects. Gerunds all end in -ing: skiing, reading, dancing, singing, etc. 1. Unlike English, the use of subject pronouns is optional in Spanish. A whole gerund phrase functions in a sentence just like a noun, and can act as a subject, an object, or a predicate nominative. They can act as subjects, direct objects, indirect objects, predicate nominatives, or objects of a preposition in a sentence. The gerund, 'running,' is modified by the prepositional phrase 'from the law' to form a gerund phrase. Make sure the verb agrees with its subject, not with a word that comes between the subject and the verb (whether in preposition phrases or adjective clauses). The Gerund Can be Used as a Subject Complement When “verb+ing” works as a “noun and verb”, it is called Gerund. a. noun c. gerund b. pronoun d. infinitive e. a and b. Driving is a tiresome job. as the object of a verb. {see Verbs followed by Gerunds and Infinitives, A2 level}. Participle. 1. Unlike a normal noun, a gerund maintains some verb-like properties (for example, a gerund can take a direct object and be modified with an adverb). gerund phrase is being used. A gerund phrase always starts with a gerund. A dummy pronoun, also called an expletive pronoun or pleonastic pronoun, is a pronoun used to fulfill the syntactical requirements without providing explicit meaning. More specifically, the formula “auxiliary verb + the main verb in the infinitive, past participle or gerund”. Dummy pronouns are used in many Germanic languages, including German and English. 2. As you now know, gerunds function as a noun; therefore, it can be used as the subject of a sentence. (Here, the gerund phrase is the subject of the verb "is.") nhiều lắm! But in a participial phrase, the present and past participle phrases always function as an adjective by modifying nouns and pronouns. A gerund has nothing to do with relative pronoun. Let’s take a look at a few examples: The following sentences illustrate some uses of gerunds: Swimming is fun.. Gerunds and gerund phrases always function as nouns. Participles and gerunds look and sound the same. The gerund phrase functions as the direct object of the verb appreciate. Phrases and clauses are important, but they're not the same thing. Read these examples: Eating ice cream on a windy day can be a messy experience if you have long, untamed hair. The gerund as subject. So one can use the gerund as a noun, take for example "Smoking is bad for you". 1625. A gerund is a noun formed from a verb. Do not get tricked! That's why although is the right option. The pronoun usage is more troublesome. Put the verb part of the gerund on the top part of the step and the -ing part of the gerund on the bottom part of the step. All gerunds end -ing. The gerund in English has the form of the present participle in -ing. A gerund phrase includes the gerund and its modifiers and complement. Notice the phrase-within-a-phrase here. may take form with a word, phrase or clause. A participial phrase or clause is a wonderful tool for writers because it gives color and action to a sentence. The -ing form is a general term for words called either 'gerund' or 'present participle' in traditional approaches to grammar. Walking is an underappreciated form of exercise. For example, it can refer to many different nouns: a garden hose, a shed, or almost any other noun you may need to mention. A gerund (/ ˈ dʒ ɛ r ən d,-ʌ n d / abbreviated GER) is any of various nonfinite verb forms in various languages; most often, but not exclusively, one that functions as a noun.In English, it has the properties of both verb and noun, such as being modifiable by an adverb and being able to take a direct object. Gerund, functioning as object of preposition You will get good grades by studying. 3. Exercise on Gerunds: Underline the gerunds or gerund phrases … The gerund form of verbs is used as follows: The Gerund Can be Used as Subject of a Sentence. Q. I love swimming in the ocean. Learning a foreign language is easier at a young age. If a pronoun precedes the gerund, the pronoun is generally in the possessive form. At the minimum, a prepositional phrase will begin with a preposition and end with a noun, pronoun, gerund, or clause, the "object" of the preposition. -A gerund phrase always functions as a noun. Verbals. The word you appears in the objective case and thus serves as the direct object of smelled. There … A gerund is the –ing form of a verb acting as a noun, in any of the “noun roles” possible in a sentence. Being (gerund) the boss (subject complement for Jeff, via state of being expressed in gerund) Punctuation A gerund virtually never requires any punctuation with it. Examples; Swimming is my favourite sport. VERBALS (Gerunds, Participles, Infinitives) Gerunds A gerund is a verbal that ends in –ing and functions as a noun. [entry for "dummy"] As such, it's an example of form-meaning mismatch. In the study of English grammar, the terms “gerund” and “gerund phrase” are some things you’ll need to know about if you want to master the language. Is the Gerund in the following sentences/questions used as a subject, object or as a complement? The subject of a clause or sentence is the noun (a person, place, or thing) that performs, controls, or is responsible for the action of a verb. Gerunds are verb forms ending in ing that are used as nouns. word, phrase or clause that is replaced by a pronoun (or other substitute) when mentioned subsequently (in the same sentence or later) e.g: "Emily is nice because she brings me flowers." The use of the gerund . Home > Gerunds and Infinitives Tutorial > Part 2 > Verbs Followed by Nouns + Infinitives. Gerund phrases, which always function as nouns, will be subjects, subject complements, or objects in the sentence. When nouns or pronouns precede gerunds in sentences, USE THE POSSESSIVE CASE. Pronoun Chart. PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES • contain a preposition and a noun or pronoun … There is one respect in which ‘gerund’ and ‘present participle’ clauses differ in their internal form: with ‘gerunds’ the subject may take genitive case, with plain or accusative case a less formal alternant, but with ‘present participles’ the genitive is impossible and pronouns with a … I like your cooking. The –ing form is commonly used to create nouns and verbs.When used as a noun, it is considered a gerund. The "gerund" is a verbal-noun which is distinct from the "participle" which is a verbal-adjective. - working: head of the subject / gerund - for him: adjunct (or adverbial) / prepositional phrase. Having to get up early won’t bother me at all. an indefinite or generalised subject ( you, one, we, people etc. Functions: 1. Do not confuse a present participle phrase with a gerund phrase. Eaten by mosquitoes modifies the pronoun we. Giving is better than receiving. Gerund as Subject, Object or Complement Try to think of a gerund as a noun in verb form. Teaching is my passion. A gerund accompanied by its objects, complements, and/or modifiers is called a gerund phrase or simply a noun phrase.Like nouns, gerunds and gerund phrases can function as subjects, objects, or complements in a sentence.Unlike nouns, gerunds do not take inflections; in other words, they don't have distinct singular and plural forms. More about Subject Verb Agreement. participle, or gerund). Gerunds. A phrase is a group of words that lacks a subject, a predicate (verb), or both. Verbs Followed by Nouns + Infinitives. In current linguistic analysis, the gerund is categorized as a secondary verb form (not inflected with tense or person, and rarely including a subject in its clause.) When two verbs are used together in a sentence and since the subject can take one verb, the second verb is often in the gerund form (-ing /present participle form of the verb) or the infinitive. Sometimes sentences can be more complicated. For example, “climbing” is a gerund while “climbing a tree” is a gerund phrase. A phrase is a group of words that does not have a subject-verb combination. Learn about gerund phrases, and how to use gerunds as subjects, objects, and complements in a sentence. Diagram gerunds on steps. A gerund can be the subject, the direct object, or the object of a prepositional phrase. A gerund and infinitive phrase can exist in several positions in a sentence: as the subject of a sentence or . All good so far. Below are the rules for subject-verb agreement. Gerunds and gerund phrases virtually never require punctuation. Gerunds can function as the subject of a verb, the object of a verb, a predicate nominative or complement, or the object of a preposition. Q. I am swimming in the ocean. Possessive Pronouns with Gerunds. Infinitive. Jon’s favorite hobby is painting stones. I love going out to restaurants. A Simple subject is always a noun, pronoun or a group words that does the work of a noun. Adjective: gerundial or gerundival. Gerunds can have with them direct objects, predicate nominatives, predicate adjectives or modifiers to form what is called a gerund phrase. A gerund is a verbal, which is a non-verb created from a verb. The entire phrase acts as an adjective modifying the subject of the sentence (soldiers). Subject pronouns function as the subject of a verb i.e., it tells you who is doing the action. Subject Verb Agreement Examples. Thus in the first four examples, the Subject-words are Horses(a noun), He ( a pronoun), To study (an infinitive), and Running(a gerund… Examples Determined looks on their faces, parents waited in line outside the mall at 12:01 a.m. on Saturday with one goal in mind, to … Remem-ber that phrases can act as modifiers in other phrases. The object of the preposition will … Nouns in Apposition. f t g+ p. 9 = verb followed by a gerund OR a noun + an infinitive 13 = verb followed by a gerund OR an infinitive with a difference in … (gerund phrase) - To see clearly is an artist’s greatest task. A gerund phrase always follows these rules: -Gerund phrases always start with gerunds. Parts of Speech. (noun clause) - Swimming is my favorite sport. Gerunds and personal pronouns. Verb Phrases & Clitic Pronouns. The whole phrase will act as a noun. An adjective complement (also called an adjective phrase complement) is a phrase or clause that provides information necessary to complete an adjective phrase’s meaning.They are most often used with predicative adjectives (adjectives that follow linking verbs to describe the subject of the clause). A gerund is a verb form that ends in -ing. Subjects and Predicates. unexpressed and understood only from the context: Going home seemed to be the best idea. Subject pronouns are used for emphasis or in cases where it is not clear who the subject is. 2.Having to get up early won’t bother me at all. A gerund clause can be the subject of a sentence: Hiking can be a relaxing and rewarding activity. Gerunds are present participles that are used as nouns and end with an -ing. Present participle phrases and gerund phrases are easy to confuse because they both begin with an ing word. Besides being able to spot gerunds, you should be able to tell the difference between a gerund and a present participle. The gerund in English has the form of the present participle in - ing . See bold-red words under "clause" in the above diagram link. ; The verb is the linking verb is. Like all nouns, a gerund phrase can function as a subject, an object, or a complement within a sentence. Select the incorrect use of a gerund in a sentence. The types of phrases include noun phrases, infinitive phrases, gerund phrases, prepositional phrases, participle phrases (past and present), modifying adverbial phrases, and appositive phrases.